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Cited by 86Radiation Therapy and DosimetryRadiation Dose and ImagingEffects of Radiation Exposure

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Space Radiation Absorbed Dose Distribution in a Human Phantom

Badhwar, G. D., Atwell, W., Badavi, F. F., Yang, T. C., Cleghorn, T. F.·2002·Radiation Research
DOI 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0076:sraddi]2.0.co;2
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Abstract

The radiation risk to astronauts has always been based on measurements using passive thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). The skin dose is converted to dose equivalent using an average radiation quality factor based on model calculations. The radiological risk estimates, however, are based on organ and tissue doses. This paper describes results from the first space flight (STS-91, 51.65 degrees inclination and approximately 380 km altitude) of a fully instrumented Alderson Rando phantom torso (with head) to relate the skin dose to organ doses. Spatial distributions of absorbed dose in 34 1-inch-thick sections measured using TLDs are described. There is about a 30% change in dose as one moves from the front to the back of the phantom body. Small active dosimeters were developed specifically to provide time-resolved measurements of absorbed dose rates and quality factors at five organ locations (brain, thyroid, heart/lung, stomach and colon) inside the phantom. Using these dosimeters, it was possible to separate the trapped-proton and the galactic cosmic radiation components of the doses. A tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) and a charged-particle directional spectrometer (CPDS) were flown next to the phantom torso to provide data on the incident internal radiation environment. Accurate models of the shielding distributions at the site of the TEPC, the CPDS and a scalable Computerized Anatomical Male (CAM) model of the phantom torso were developed. These measurements…

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  • MARE is the first experiment in general to map the dose deposition within anthropomorphic phantoms beyond LEO.

    “Among these studies, MARE is the first experiment to measure the effect of wearable shielding on the deposition of radiation dose within a human phantom in space, as well as the first experiment in general to map the dose deposition within anthropomorphic phantoms beyond LEO.”

    From First evaluation of wearable radiation protection for human deep space exploration, as flown on Artemis I (2026) · cites this paper as [18]

  • MARE is the first experiment to measure the effect of wearable shielding on the deposition of radiation dose within a human phantom in space.

    “Among these studies, MARE is the first experiment to measure the effect of wearable shielding on the deposition of radiation dose within a human phantom in space, as well as the first experiment in general to map the dose deposition within anthropomorphic phantoms beyond LEO.”

    From First evaluation of wearable radiation protection for human deep space exploration, as flown on Artemis I (2026) · cites this paper as [18]

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Research works printed but not linked: 19

  1. 10.1016/1359-0189(92)90084-9 · DOI · Paper page
  2. H. Yasuda, G. D. Badhwar, T. Komiyama, and K. Fujitaka .Effective dose equivalent on the ninth Shuttle-Mir mission (STS-91)., Radiat. Res, 154 :705 –713 .2000 . · DOI · Paper page
  3. 10.1016/1350-4487(95)00007-2 · DOI
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  5. 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00507-B · DOI
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  8. 10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00274-7 · DOI
  9. G. D. Badhwar, and F. A. Cucinotta .A comparison of depth dependence of dose and linear energy transfer spectra in aluminum and polyethylene., Radiat. Res, 153 :1 –8 .2000 . · DOI · Paper page
  10. G. D. Badhwar, H. Huff, and R. Wilkins .Alterations in dose and lineal energy spectra under different shieldings in the Los Alamos high-energy neutron field., Radiat. Res, 154 :697 –704 .2000 . · DOI
  11. 10.1016/S1350-4487(98)00085-7 · DOI
  12. A. Kunz, E. Arend, E. Deitz, S. Gerdung, R. E. Grillmaier, T. Lim, and P. Pihet .The Hamburg area monitor HANDI: Characteristics and optimization of the operational instrument., Radiat. Prot. Dosim, 44 :213 –218 .1992 . · DOI
  13. 10.1016/S1350-4487(00)00159-1 · DOI
  14. R. Beaujean, J. Kopp, and G. Reitz .Active dosimetry on recent space flights., Radiat. Prot. Dosim, 85 :223 –226 .1999 . · DOI
  15. 10.1016/S1350-4487(00)00149-9 · DOI
  16. 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00285-6 · DOI
  17. 10.1109/23.736487 · DOI
  18. 10.1016/1359-0189(92)90082-7 · DOI
  19. 10.2307/3577902 · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Badhwar, G. D., Atwell, W., Badavi, F. F., Yang, T. C., & Cleghorn, T. F.
Affiliations
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
  • Boeing (United States) (US)
  • Christopher Newport University (US)
  • Johnson Space Center (US)
Venue
Radiation Research
Publisher
Radiation Research Society
Published
2002-01
Volume
157
Issue
1
Pages
76-91
ISSN
  • 0033-7587 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-5404
DOI
10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0076:sraddi]2.0.co;2
OpenAlex
W2146653418
Cited by
86
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
FWCI
4.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Radiation Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiation Dose and Imaging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
Keywords
space radiation, absorbed dose distribution, human phantom, STS-91, International Space Station, organ dose, skin dose, trapped protons, galactic cosmic rays, radiation transport models, tissue equivalent proportional counter, dose equivalent, radiation shielding, thermal neutrons, astronaut radiation risk
MeSH terms
Abdomen, Bone Marrow, Brain, Cosmic Radiation, Equipment Design, Humans, Lithium, Male, Models, Theoretical, Neutrons, Organ Specificity, Protons, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Protection, Skin, Space Flight, Spinal Cord, Testis, Thermoluminescent Dosimetry, Thorax, Thyroid Gland, Viscera, Astronauts, Spacecraft, Risk Assessment, Phantoms, Imaging

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